19th November 2008

Notes to Journal Contributors

In preparing articles for publication in the Journal, authors should please note the following:

Abstract

All articles must be preceded by an abstract of about 100­150 words .

Number of copies to be submitted

Three copies of each article, including the original, are to be submitted. Dittoed or mimeographed copies are not acceptable and will not be considered. Authors are strongly advised to check carefully the typing of their paper and to keep a copy of their manuscript to guard against loss in the mail.

For the purpose of the blind reviewing system which the journal has adopted, authors are to include with each copy of the manuscript a cover sheet that shows the title of the article, the name(s) of the author(s), his/their status(es) and institutional affiliations, and the date of submission. The next page of the manuscript should omit the author's names and affiliations, but should include the title of the article and the date of submission. A shortened version of the title of the article should be typed on the left hand top corner of each page of the manuscript, to avoid mix-ups during the assessment exercise and final editorial work. Every effort should be made by authors to see that their manuscript do not contain any clue to their identities

Copyright

Copyrights on accepted and published articles will be held jointly by the Journal and authors. To this end. a simultaneous submission of article. to other journals is not permitted as the journal will reserve the exclusive manuscript rights between acceptance and publication.

Disposition of Manuscript

Receipts of all submitted manuscripts will be acknowledged promptly. The decision to publish or not will be communicated to authors within three months of receipt of articles.

Rejected articles will be returned with appropriate comments if self-addressed and adequately stamped envelope of appropriate sizes are sent with the manuscripts.

Publication Fees.

The publication of every accepted article is subject to the author(s) paying a token publication fee of #200.00 (which is subject to revision from time to time).

Complimentary Copies

The author(s) of each published article will be sent two complimentary copies of the issue of the Journal in which his/their article appears.

Style and format of Preparation

Typing

1. Manuscripts are to be typed double-spaced on quarto-size paper. Photocopy the original typescript to get the required number of copies. These are preferred to carbon copies which are not usually clear.
2. Leave a margin of about 11 inches on each aide of the paper.
3. Type each large table on e separate pale. but insert a location note (e.g. "Table' 2 about here") at. the appropriate place in the text. Type the title of each table at the top of the table. with the table number clearly typed on top of the title, in small letter. except initial capital. Small tables are typed at the end of the paragraph where the first reference to each table is made.
4. Similarly, every figure should be prepared on a separate page and a location note (e.g. 'Figure 4 abut here ") for it should be placed at the appropriate point in the text. Type title of figure at the bottom of the figure. in low case. except initial capitals. This applied to larger figures only. Small figures should be inserted at appropriate points in the text.
5. In typing the tables. avoid the Use of vertical lines, but let each heading or sub-heading within the table be properly centred on the columns for which they stand.
6. Sub-headings should be used to divide the paper into principal sections and sub-sections. Apart from the main heading of the article, which should be typed in captial letters, but not underlined. There are three other types of sub-headings for dividing the paper into sub-sections.
   1. Centre-Heading is typed at the centre head of major sections. Only the first letter of each main word in the centre heading is typed in capital letter and the whole centre heading is underlined.
   2. Side Heading is typed beginning from left side of the Head of the Sub-Section. Only the first letter of each main word. in the side heading is typed in capital letters and the side-heading is underlined.The text in the sub-section should begin on the next line with a new paragraph under the side-heading.
   3. Paragraph Heading. This is used to head a smaller sub­section under the sub-section. It is typed from the beginning of a new paragraph and only the first letter of the first word in the paragraph heading is typed in capital letter, other in low case (or small letters), except where. otherwise by the rule of grammar, nece­ssary. The paragraph heading. which is also underlined, ends with a full stop and the next begins immediately after it on the same line if there is still spac

   So you have

   Centre Heading

   Side Heading

   Paragraph Heading

   Reference Citation in the Text

7. Avoid the use of foot notes.
8. Cite all references in the text by enclosing in parentheses:
   1. The author's surname. followed by comma and year of publication if the author's name does not form part of the text and the exact page reference in the case of reference to quotation, preceded by a colon, e.g. a recent study (Olumide, i985: 3) has shown that..."
   2. the year of publication only if the author's name forms part of the "text, e.g. "Olumide 1985) found that. .."; or year of publication followed by colon, then followed by page in the case of reference to quotation, e.g. "Olumide (1985: 11) says, 'The new education policy is likely to...'"
   3. If there is no author, use the first two to five words of the title (enough to locate the work in the reference list) and the year of publication (e.g. Federal Ministry of Education. 1981), followed by the appropriate pages where necessary, (e.g. Federal Ministry of Education, 1981: 16-18).
9. In the case of a work written by two or more authors, the citation in the text should include the surnames of all the authors, in the order in which they occur in the pub­lication, but separated by commas, and the last two (or the two where there are only two authors), connected by an ampersand, e.g. (Ojo, Olumide, & Ajayi, 1983); (Ojo & Ajayi, 1984).
10. Specify subsequent citations of the same source in the same way as the first citation, except that for more than two authors, citation includes only the surname of the first author, followed by the abbreviation "et al" The use of "ibid" and "op. cit" is not allowed.
11. For institutional authorship, supply minimum identification from the beginning of the complete citation, e.g. "Agricul­tural data (Food and Agricultural Organization, 1982) reveal that..."
12. A series of references is enclosed within a single pair of parentheses, separated by semi-colons and arranged in alphabetical order of the first author or reference, e.g. "A lot studies (Adeniran, 1978; Fajana & Ojo, 1963; Madika, 1970;Taiwo, 1978) have revealed that...". Where necessary, the actual page references may be shown in the manner indicated earlier. "
13. To refer to a particular page, pages or chapter, give the page(s) or chapter numbers following the citation, but separated from it by a colon, e.g. Bakare, 1966: 22-24; Fafunwa, 1974; Yoloye, 1976: ch.3. This is the model suggested earlier in 2(b) and 3 above.
14. Quotations should be given exactly as they appear in the source even if errors occur in the source. Material inserted in a quotation but which is not originally part of it is enclosed in brackets, e.g. "(Education is) the art of making available to each generation the organized knowledge of the past."
15. Short quotations of a sentence or two or not more than three lines long are incorporated in the text and set off by quotation marks; but quotations longer than three lines are set apart as a block quotations indented to the beginning of a paragraph. For such quotations, quotation marks are not necessary, unless such quotations marks form part of the quotation from the original source. The reference citation for any quotation must include the page from the original source.

Referencing Style

1. Every reference cited in the text must appear at the end of the paper in the reference list titled "References"; but although a reference may be cited more than once in the text, it appears only once in the reference list. That is why relevant page references must be given in the text.
2. The words cited in the reference list must contain all the data necessary for identification and library search.
3. The references must be arranged strictly in alphabetical order' of the sole or first authors where there are two or more authors.
4. Only books and journal titles should be underlined. Titles of articles need to be underlined or put quotation marks.
5. Names of authors are cited with the surname first, followed by a comma and then the initials only, e.g. Adeyinks, A.A. or Daramola, S.F.
6. For book reference, cite author, year of publication (in parentheses'. ,title in full and underlined, city of publication and publisher, in that order. A full stop follows the year of publication,title and publisher. but colon comes in between city of publication and name of publisher, e.g. Evans, K.M (1968). 'Plannining small scale research. Windsor: NFER Publishing Co.
7. For an article. cite author, year of publication in parentheses, title of article in full, name of journal in full. volume number (underlined). Number of issue in paren­theses (if applicable) and pages, e.g. Adeyinka, A.A. (1973) The impact of secondary grammar school education in the Western state of Nigeria, Comparative Education, 9 (3) .151-155.
8. Only the first letter of the first word of the title of a book or article is capitalized. However, if the first letter of a word in the title should normally be rule of grammar be capitalized, then it should be capitalized e.g.
   1. A study of the relationship between sex and level of aspiration.
   2. Incidence of drop out among high school children in Kabba Area of Kwara state.
9. In citing edited books, the word "Editor" ot "Editors" is abbreviated as (Ed) or (Eds) and put after the name(s) of the Editor(s) before citing the year of publication, similarly, for a new edition of a book, say second edition, the edition number, e.g. (2nd ed) is put after the title of the book.
10. In citing a chapter of an edited book, provide entire inclusive page numbers, e.g. Ogunseye, F.A. (1981),Library Science and Adult Education. In L. Bown and J.T. Okedara (Eds). An -i.nt:Jr.oduc.:Uon .to .the. rrKLUi..-cU6dpUn/Vty and CJtO.6.6­ c.td.:t:uJuLf. a.ppltoa.c.h 60lL de.veloping c.0u.n:tJr..i.e6. Ibadan: Oxford University Press, pp. 232-253.

Contributors are asked to follow the writing style and referencing pattern-described above.

NOTE:

We have provided the maximum possible editorial assistance to our contributors. However, the Editor-in-chief and members of the Editorial Board do not necessarily share the views or opinions expressed by individual authors; neither would they vouch for the authenticity of accuracy of the data and information contained in the various papers published in this Journal.

Professor A.A. Adeyinka